Improved machine for making caudles



bodies or shafts;

. than heretofore.

' ulating the temperature of the t3-taire im @anni @tina l EDWARD COVVLES,- OF--HOUNSLOVl/v, KINGDOMOF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

Letters Patent No. 86,059, Jamo/@119, 1869.

IMPROVED MACHINE FIOR. MAKING- CANDLES.

The Schedule referred to in theee Letters Patet and making part of the same.

To all whom 'lt-may cmwm'm' Be it known'that 1, EDWARD Gowmes, of Hounslow, in the county of Middlesex, Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, machinist, hare invented a new and useful' Improved Machine for Making Candies; and Ldo hereby declaro the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the acwmpanyingdrawing, and to the figures and letters marked thereon.

The objects of., this invention are to produce candles-whose largest diameters are atsomc point be-4 tween the 'upperand lower extremities of their main to centre the wiclrsin the moulds more conveniently; and to regulate the temperature oi' the moulds throughout, more uniformly and evenly The machine is peculiarly adapted for 'making candles with tapering ends, to fit various sizes of candlesticks, without cutting, as described in the Letters Patent of J L. Field, January 31, 1865,-the means for reg moulds being likewise' specially advantageous in the manufacture of paraiine, steariue, sperm, or coinposition-camlles, whetherof the forms above mentioned or otherwise.

For these purposes the moulds are made in separate parts, joining together horizontally at the pointof largest diznneterof the candle, the`wicks being centred by slotted platos, provided withv slotted buttons or catches, capable of partial rotation upon their axes, for holding the ends ofthe wicks, which, by this means,

are centred as readily and equally well for the `first as for any subsequent moulding.

The moulds are placed' n atrongh or'resselcontaining water,v the temperature of which is raised orv lowered, as circumstances require, by the admission ot' steam or water 1n divided streams through perforated pipes arranged to project the steam or water toward vthe upper and lower portions of the moulds, as hereinafter described, the overflow being carried off uniformly, from various parts of the main trough containing ,the moulds, by smaller troughs or channels, or equivalent devices, communicating by suitable openings or apertures with the upper portion or" the main trough.

In order to enable others skilled in the art to make and uso my intention, I will proceed to more particularly describe the same, with yreference to the accompanying sheet of drawings, in which-- Figure l represents a longitudinal vertical section of the machine, arranged, in this case, to make self-titiing camillas-having enlarged tapering lower ends;

Figure 2 is an end view;

lfligure 3, a sectional view; and

Figm'c ,4, a plan view.

o is the frame or stand.

t, the main trough or water-box, in which the canfile-moulds are set.

' are the pipes or lulu-,s for moulding. the shafts of' the candles, and are firmly fixed to atop and bottom plate as shown.

c* are the the enlarged it pering lower ends of the candles.

These continuations are arranged in double rows, and formed in the block of metal o", the upper part, ci, of which constitutes a trough or receptacle for recoiving the melted material,

c", attached to a cord or chain passing over a pulley vthe pipes or tubes c.

c? are cramps for holding down the blocks o2 during the process of casting the candles. d is the three-pipel inlet through which water enters the main trough or water-box. It has a branchpipe, d, perforated to direct the entering liquid in jets toward the bottoms ot' the moulds; also two upper branches, d", perforated, to direct jets of water against the centre portions of the pieces of metal c2, between the continuaticns cl ofthe moulds.

e is the pipe for supplying steam, to raise the tempcrature of the moulds, by warming the water in the l-main trough. It is perforated so as to direct jets of steam toward the spaces between the lower ends or tip parts of the moulds, and care should be taken that these jets do not strike the pipes.

with, and the' temperature of the moulds raised, by admitting warm water through the tbree-pipe inlet 7 ll.

f are the small troughs or channels, communicating, by apertures f, with thc main trough or water-box, for carrying olii` the overow.

f2 are waste-pipes from the overflow-channels f.

` g, pipes for drawing water evenly from both sides of the main trough, and

g, taps or cocks to same.

h is a platform, moved up and down by the gear operating upon the racks i, attac-hed, on the outside of .the frame u, to each end oil together by rods j. This platform consists of a double door, with a space, ilfbetween.

candle-tip moulds la?. The lower ends pass easilythrough their respective holes in both floors oi'th'c platform lz., but4 this action is limited by nuts'or proiections It?, fastened to them between the iloors. n

The pipes or tubes c are made slightly tapering, so that the n'lovable tips la', when on the shoulder made in the board or plate that supports the lower end of the tube, may iorm a tight joint, and thus prevent the melted material from leaking through, for which rea- Sou, also, the wick should snugly lit the openingl in the tip.

l are the slotted plates, the troughs or receptacles c, and which with gllH- inzet-mc rxr (qitnlv'pq Il, non?) hinged at :t` to the sides of are provided continuations of the moulds for forming y and feeding it to the moulds. Its sides are formed with hooks c* to receive the shackles 4 above, for raising the block c2, with its mould 0, from Insouie' cases, the steam-pipe e may be dispensed the platform, and connected k are hollow rods, carrying at their upper ends the i tial rotation `upon its axis, for centring and holding the ends of the wicks.

The slotted plates may each be provided-withan eye, through which is threaded a pin or wire, running the entire length of the block c2, so that the whole of Y the slotted plates in each row may be iaise'd or tininedw.

on their hinges simultaneously. v

m is the clampfconstrncted of four' longitudinal pieces, made with segmental circular recesses fm, forming circular holes, kept open by the spiral springs 'mfg which canse, the lower parts of the orifices to expand more than their upper portions, the `latter being cone lined by the hinges ma, so that more room is given for the entrance of the candles, which' are pushed up.

through the openings, and retained thereimas hereinafter described.

m, set-screws, confining-and adjusting the sections,

'edges of the bar 'mi against the sides ofthe two inner sections of the clamp, the latter are pushed toward the 'two outer sections, tand' thus render the holes smaller at their lower ends than at -the top, which contraction, aidedr bythe strips rm7, will retain the candles when left in thev clamp. f

o are the spools, upon'which the wicks are wound.

The machine may be constructed with a greater or less number of moulds, asr circumstances require.

The mode of operation is as follows:

The wicks are rst drawn through the rods from thc spools below theplatform, ,and tothe top of the candle-moulds, so that their ends lie on the bottom of the receptacle c3..

The slotted plates are then shut down, and the buttous .or catches having been turned, so that their slots are oppositeto the slots inthe plates, the ends of the Wicks are then drawn up into the slots, after which the ,buttons are turned slightly, so a's to tighten the ends of the wicks between themselves ,and the plates.

,Steam or hot water is then let into the trough b, through the perforations along the sides of the pipe e, andwhen the moulds are ysufficiently warmed, ,the melted stuff is poured intoI the receptacle c3, from whence'it runs into and fills the moulds. Goldwater is then introduced, by the pipe d, through the perfoiations along. its branch d', which direct the water ind jets toward the bottoms of. the moulds, and through -the perforations in the branchesd, which simultane-- .QuSlydireCt their jets towardthe block c2, forcooling the upper parts or eontinuations cl of 'the moulds, thus cooling the candles uniformly throughout. lhe surplus water flows' through the apertures f into the small troughs or channels f,'and passes away down the waste-pipes f2.

. When the candles are suliiciently cool to be withdrawn from the mould, the buttons or catches are turned slightly, so as to release the ends ofthe wicks. Th'e'slotted plates are then raised upon their hinges so that a sharp scraper may be introduced into the reccptacle'cs, so'as to remove the projecting wicks and siu'plus material from the bottoms of the candles, after which the cramps are unfastened, and,l le' block c 1 raised 'up bythe shackles, leaving the candles tip downwards iin', and with their bottom" ends projecting above the 'tops ofthe pipes o1' tubes c, n

4Blocks gil-are lth'e'n placed "'acrss the ends of vthe holes in which come just over the ends of the -candles.

rods areforced up, pushing the candles before them. 'l f Whentherods have -pushed the candles through -the orilices in the clamps,vuntil the tips of the candles turned, `so `as tozbringlthe edges of the bar m5 against tions, so las to hold the `candles. The wicks are then cut,the clamps with their contents removed, the blocks o2 again placed in position,"thewicks centred, as be'- fore', and the platform lowered, ready to'mould a fresh lot of candles.

v I am aware that it is not 'new to enclose the mouldingfpipesor tubes within a tight chamber upon aframe,

- so that, at pleasure, water can be admitted to chill the tubes, or steam to heat them, but I believe it has nevel .before been proposed to admit the water 'and steam `regulate the temperature uniformly throughout, fas h ereiubeforc described. I v n I am also aware that movable mouldtips haveI been mounted ,upon .hollow rods, so that simultaneously, by suitable devices, each can be moved perpendioularly vup through the entire tuhe,fpusl1inggthe candle up contracted,- so as tohold and 4support the Acandles in and hold the wicks in position for the next set of canin'question; but l What I lbelieve to be new, and desire to secure by -Letters Patent, is

c, substantially asdescribed, for making candles, hav

ing their largestdiameters at some point between the upperand lower extremities of their inain lbodies;

2. The slotted plates andbuttons, or catches, for centi'in g and holding the wicks, substantially as described.

3. Inv` combination, with the trough b, the means described for regulating the temperature of the moulds only, in divided streams, throng-h apertures, arranged so as to disperse' it within the main trough, or waten' box, as herein set forth.

troughs or channels,or equivalent devices, the whole arranged and operating substantially as described.

ln testimony whereof, l have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing upper tube-platespfor receiving the open clamps, ithe Power is" then applied to raise the platform, and thev vare-'elevated above the strips m7, the handle m is' [the sides oil the two inner sections of the clamp, by "whieh th'e latter arepushed toward .the two` outer secin divided streams, so as to diffuse it evenly, and to before it into an adjustable clamp, capable of Abeing an upright position, whereby the y are made .to centre dies.; therefore, I make noclaim to the arrangements- 1; Constructing the moulds in separate parts,c 'and' uniformly, by admitting water and steam, or ,water 4. The -means for carrying'oti' surplus water evenly from the upper portion of the main trough, by other 

